1. If you haven’t received a refund yet, first check your bank account again.  
2. Then contact your credit card company, it may take some time before your refund is officially posted. 
3. Next contact your bank. There is often some processing time before a refund is posted. 
4. If you’ve done all of this and you still have not received your refund yet, please contact us at [email protected]. 

Gifts 

• If the item was marked as a gift when purchased and shipped directly to you, you’ll receive a gift credit for the value of your return. Once the returned item is received, a gift certificate will be emailed to you. 
• If the item wasn’t marked as a gift when purchased, or the gift giver had the order shipped to themselves to give to you later, we will send a refund to the gift giver and he/she will be made aware of your return. 

This guide is for reference only and should not be used as a tool to determine Important condition details.

For further details regarding package contents and important information related to the product, Please view the “product description” tab in the product page you are interested in purchasing.

Lets Begin: 

New

A brand-new, unused, unopened, undamaged item in its original packaging (where packaging is applicable). Packaging should be the same as what is found in a retail store, unless the item is handmade or was packaged by the manufacturer in non-retail packaging, such as an unprinted box or plastic bag. See the description section for full details and information of any imperfections.

New other (see details)

A new, unused item with absolutely no signs of wear. The item may be missing the original packaging, or in the original packaging but not sealed. The item may be a factory second or a new, unused item with defects. See the description section for full details and information of any imperfections.

New – Open Box

Items are in excellent condition,  new condition with no ware.  The item may be missing original packaging or protective wrapping or may be in original packaging but not sealed. The item includes original accessories.   The item may be a factory second.  See description details and information for any imperfections. 

Certified refurbished

The item is in a pristine, like-new condition. It has been professionally inspected, cleaned, and refurbished by the manufacturer or a manufacturer-approved vendor to meet manufacturer specifications. The item will be in new packaging with original or new accessories. See the description section for full details and information of any imperfections.

Seller refurbished

The item has been restored to working order. This means the item was inspected, cleaned, and repaired to full working order and is in excellent condition. This item may or may not be in original packaging. See the description section for full details and information of any imperfections.

PreOwned – Open box

The item may be missing the original packaging or protective wrapping, or may be in the original packaging but not sealed. The item includes original accessories. The item may be a factory second or customer returns.  See the description section for full details and information of any imperfections.

Used/PreOwned

An item that has been used previously. The item may have some signs of cosmetic wear, but is fully operational and functions as intended. This item may be a floor model or store return that has been used. 

PreOwned

The listed product is in PreOwned condition. These units are tested for functionality and marketed for sale as working goods.

• Products can originate from retail returns, end of life, and trade-in programs.
• Products are tested for functionality.
• The packaging will be in various states including: opened, distressed, and/or missing.
• Products may or may not include original packaging and accessories. 
• Promotional offers,  codes,  toys will not be included 
• Products may have signs of use, scratches, dents
• Units requiring charges for play will not come charged and will therefore need to be charged over night
• You must use all accessories provided to ensure proper functionality of unit

Salvage

An item that does not function as intended and is not fully operational. This includes items that are defective in ways that render them difficult to use, items that require service or repair, items that are locked or can’t be activated, or items missing essential components. See the description section for full details and information of any imperfections.

kontrol freek vortex｜TikTok Search

TikTok

Upload

moonfaceflow

M∅∅N F∆CE™

reviewing the new ” FPSFREEK” VORTEX KONTROL FREEK performance thumbstick BEASTLY, WORTH IT, DEF A DIFFERENCE IN GAME PLAY #kontrolfreek #kontrolfreeks #kontrolfreekvortex #vortex #fps #fyp #precision #performance #elite #ps5 #ps5controller #cod #callofduty #callofdutyblackops #lifeofmoonface #moonfacetherapper #imnotjustarapper #gamer #gaming #gamersoftiktok #moonfaceflow #ps4 #teamdeathmatch

105 Likes, TikTok video from M∅∅N F∆CE™ (@moonfaceflow): “reviewing the new ” FPSFREEK” VORTEX KONTROL FREEK performance thumbstick BEASTLY, WORTH IT, DEF A DIFFERENCE IN GAME PLAY #kontrolfreek #kontrolfreeks #kontrolfreekvortex #vortex #fps #fyp #precision #performance #elite #ps5 #ps5controller #cod #callofduty #callofdutyblackops #lifeofmoonface #moonfacetherapper #imnotjustarapper #gamer #gaming #gamersoftiktok #moonfaceflow #ps4 #teamdeathmatch”. KONTROLFREEK
FPSFREEK
PERFORMANCE
THUMBSTICK
REVIEW!!
🎮🎮🎮 original sound – M∅∅N F∆CE™.

9631 views|

original sound – M∅∅N F∆CE™

boltporras

BoltPorras

How to better your Aim on Warzone!! #warzone #gaming #fyp #cod #rebirthisland

150 Likes, TikTok video from BoltPorras (@boltporras): “How to better your Aim on Warzone!! #warzone #gaming #fyp #cod #rebirthisland”. Lofi Vibes – Gentle State.

2484 views|

Lofi Vibes – Gentle State

kontrolfreek

KontrolFreek

Yup, it’s orange Vortex season! #kontrolfreek #freeknation #gamer #fyp

187 Likes, 20 Comments. TikTok video from KontrolFreek (@kontrolfreek): “Yup, it’s orange Vortex season! #kontrolfreek #freeknation #gamer #fyp”. original sound – Kat✨.

2866 views|

original sound – Kat✨

noctizfps

NoctizFPS

I’m using stock ps4 controller with Kontrolfreek Vortex Thumbsticks | 110 FOV PC #apex #apexlegends #apexlegendsclips #fyp #noctizfps

969 Likes, 25 Comments. TikTok video from NoctizFPS (@noctizfps): “I’m using stock ps4 controller with Kontrolfreek Vortex Thumbsticks | 110 FOV PC #apex #apexlegends #apexlegendsclips #fyp #noctizfps”. original sound – NoctizFPS.

20.3K views|

original sound – NoctizFPS

kontrolfreek

KontrolFreek

The Vortex comes out at night. 💫#kontrolfreek #freeknation #gamer #StudentSectionSauce #fyp

103 Likes, TikTok video from KontrolFreek (@kontrolfreek): “The Vortex comes out at night. 💫#kontrolfreek #freeknation #gamer #StudentSectionSauce #fyp”. Getting those night vibes Love Nwantiti(Remix) – ADAM ❤️‍🔥.

1745 views|

Love Nwantiti(Remix) – ADAM ❤️‍🔥

fradgyt

Frad

A ustedes les pasa ? #playstation #xbox #dualsense #ps5 #xboxsx #xboxss #xboxseriess #xboxseriesx #playstation5 #gaming #gamingontiktok

316 Likes, TikTok video from Frad (@fradgyt): “A ustedes les pasa ? #playstation #xbox #dualsense #ps5 #xboxsx #xboxss #xboxseriess #xboxseriesx #playstation5 #gaming #gamingontiktok”. Controles
PS5
Vs
XBOX BARELY BREATHING – Grant Averill.

3343 views|

BARELY BREATHING – Grant Averill

nanou_fps

nanou_fps

Meilleur outils 🤌🏾✅ #cod #callofduty #gaming

64. 6K Likes, 443 Comments. TikTok video from nanou_fps (@nanou_fps): “Meilleur outils 🤌🏾✅ #cod #callofduty #gaming”. In Essence – Ka$tro.

598.8K views|

In Essence – Ka$tro

kannn73452

かん301.

なにか質問があればコメントに。後体調喋れるくらいには回復してるけどまだたまに気持ち悪くなる。

112 Likes, TikTok video from かん301. (@kannn73452): “なにか質問があればコメントに。後体調喋れるくらいには回復してるけどまだたまに気持ち悪くなる。”. 感度は最後です オリジナル楽曲 – かん/zoku – かん301..

8909 views|

オリジナル楽曲 – かん/zoku – かん301.

gamer_heavenyt

Gamer_HeavenYT

#KontrolFreeks on #Victrix #BFG For #PS5

27 Likes, TikTok video from Gamer_HeavenYT (@gamer_heavenyt): “#KontrolFreeks on #Victrix #BFG For #PS5”. original sound – Gamer_HeavenYT.

1097 views|

original sound – Gamer_HeavenYT

mrm3lee89

MrM3lee89

Have you ever used Kontrol Freak Precision Rings? 🤔

What did you think?

#kontrolfreek #gamingaccessories #precisionrings #gamingontiktok #diy #gamer #gamers #gamersoftiktok #accessories #aim #aimbot #mrm3lee89

455 Likes, 24 Comments. TikTok video from MrM3lee89 (@mrm3lee89): “Have you ever used Kontrol Freak Precision Rings? 🤔 What did you think? #kontrolfreek #gamingaccessories #precisionrings #gamingontiktok #diy #gamer #gamers #gamersoftiktok #accessories #aim #aimbot #mrm3lee89”. She Share Story (for Vlog) – 山口夕依.

15.4K views|

She Share Story (for Vlog) – 山口夕依

Film Reviews Rubric

You are here: FantLab Authors Columns > Film Reviews Rubric 0011 Search this blog post: advanced search » Rubric for selected and quality movie reviews. Category moderators: fox_mulder Authors of the heading: AlexNEIMOR, Olezhka1860, Leroev, Victor Red, Gremlin__91, Selin1787, Domenges, Jacob. burns, Clovan, Sarbutterfly, WhostakosLavegod, Tema.cheramuhin, E Conm, Swordenferz, Grief, Kim The Alien, Lena_ka, Glupec, Armitura, fox_mulder, Aleks_MacLeod, alexsei111, Barros, rusty_cat, Rigel_14, Mierin, Fadvan, atgrin, InterNet, febeerovez, Timsviridov, Werther de Goethe, V.L.A.D.I, Paf, TOD, kraamis, Boiled, angels_chinese, coolwind, sergeigk, Frodo Baggins, Fearless , Kuntc , Kons, Petro Gulak, creator, Snow, streetpoet, Kiplas, Optimus, xotto, WiNchiK, Melkor, skaerman, Enkidu, Salladin, 777serg777, Green_Bear, DukeLeto, Rainbow, Chocolate Lily, ergostasio, tencheg, sid482250, imra, mikereader, Samiramay, Rubin1976, demetriy120291, beskarss78, iRbos, Evil Writer, Nexus, zmey-uj, Samedy, PiterGirl, Haik, vovun, DmitryVladimiro, vrochek, Russell D. Jones, isaev, Karnosaur123, Helgi Ingvarsson, killer_kot, Ugrum-75, Pouce, osipdark, Igor_k, Interpreter, georgkorg, Roland23, Gourmand, Valentin_86, holodny_writer, aleks-predator, Caspian, rim_x, Deliann, Narismer, Farit, jelounov, mif1959, neo smile, Frd981, smith. each, Lartis, UMSYBK, speexx, sergiek, magister , dobrikus7, Viktor_Rodon, alex1970, Angvat, Double Black, Zac228, Zangezi, altaevvd, skravec679, wpryag, Ofort Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … 15 16 17 18 [19] 20 21 22 23 … 284 285 286 9 0012 imra The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power TV Series 2022 Article written October 10, 2022 18 :29 Posted: in the rubric “Film reviews” 9The second Epo ha Middle-earth. The great enemy Morgoth is defeated. However, evil has not left the world. His personification was the devoted servant of Bauglir, the insidious sorcerer Sauron. And one of the main opponents of Darkness is the elven warrior Galadriel. Convinced that Sauron – seemingly lost forever – only hid for a while, and is waiting in the wings. And it looks like her confidence is getting more and more grounded. After Jackson’s full-length adaptations of VK and The Hobbit, which, in addition to pleasant moments, had enough controversial moments, expectations from the Amazonian series were contradictory. Unfortunately, not in vain. The only aspect of the “Rings” to which there is not the slightest complaint is the picture. The light of the trees of Valinor. Severe mountains covered with snow, covered with ice. Mysterious caves. Spacious steppes cut by ravines, full of life in all its manifestations. Mokhnonogo – primitive nomadic gatherers. Pompous Golden Lindon with forested coastal cliffs, graceful arracks, waterfalls, figures of the dead carved on memorial trees (“the likeness of the fallen, enclosed in a living being”). Exquisite fireworks above the surface of the water, casting soft reflections on faces and trunks, exquisitely in harmony with the flickering lamps. Detailed peasant settlements in the Southern lands, against the background of nearby gloomy rocks, with houses made of stone and wood. Far elven outposts. Pathetic sailing to the West. Eregion crowned with towers like a porcupine with quills. Shrouded in water, Khazad-dum is the great labyrinths and galleries of Moria, full of water currents, bridges and bridges, lifts, columns, mechanisms, lenses, other beauties and … sunlight. Encumbered with giant statues, Numenor with its capital built up to the very tops of the rocks and the hall of knowledge created by Elros. Hobbit migration, openly showing a variety of natural delights: from swamps to forests. Nature is amazing (New Zealand is amazing!) both real and imagined. The beauties of the series are unevenly distributed, but in almost every episode the directors try to throw at least one eye-pleasing area to the viewer. Beautifully done transition from the world map to real landscapes, showing the extent of Middle-earth and the variety of locations involved. I repeat, the series’ visuals are beyond praise. But the filling is not. read full >> imra The 13th Warrior, 1999 Article written on October 5, 2022 19:14 Posted: in the category “Film reviews” in the author’s column imra 9 0034 “And again the kisses of the Valkyries baked on the lips”, or “Hurry towards death until another takes your place” Ahmad ibn Fadlan ibn al-Abbas ibn Rashid al-Baghdadi was not going to leave his native Baghdad. However, man proposes, Allah disposes. And now he is an ambassador to distant barbarian lands. And then a member of the expedition of King Bulveif, who went to help King Hrothgar, whose lands are besieged by unknown creatures that cannot be named. One of the most atmospheric tapes dedicated to the ancient Scandinavians. A story shown through the eyes of a person infinitely far from this culture. Weakly showed itself at the box office (with an incredibly inflated budget, the directors obviously got excited), but memorable from the first time and pulled into quotes. The film is based on three sources: Michael Crichton’s novel (the author of Jurassic Park in particular) Eaters of the Dead, The Note by a real traveler of the 10th century ibn Fadlan about a trip to Volga Bulgaria, the epic Beowulf. Almost from the first frame we find ourselves immersed in the life and relationships of the great and terrible Vikings. People with their appearance scaring away reckless robbers – “Tatars”. Drinking like crazy, responding to an insult with a sword strike right at the feast, constantly neighing like horses – and you don’t know how this laughter will end – with an ax on the skull, an outstretched horn with honey, blood feud or a friendly hug. A dozen fighters capable of dealing with any threat. Fearless and cheerful fatalistic philosophers who know that they are expected in Valhalla, at any moment ready to both kill and die. Pleasing the refined Arab with the customs of joint washing and other contempt for hygiene. Accepting a stranger not by his race or color, but by his deeds. Skins, disheveled manes of hair, clothes, drinking horns, huge swords of the Normans. The boundless expanses of the northern lands, almost not knowing the feet of a person. Soul-searing landscapes, bays, mountains, forests shrouded in deadly fog. The settlements of Hrothgar’s subjects are wooden huts buried in mud, dirty, frightened peasants, and a smoky throne room. Villains with their bear and human skulls, painted bodies and unreasoning cruelty. Stupidly atmospheric, gloomy journey into the past with its harsh, cruel, unsophisticated customs, unpolluted nature and relics of very ancient eras. read full >> imra The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe), 2005 Article written on September 23, 2022 2:43 pm Posted: in the Film Reviews category in the imra column Fairyland, with a cocktail of mono and polytheism, or Four against Winter (without Kai) world war. Four children of the Pevensie family, like thousands of other underage, are sent from London, which is raining Nazi bombs, to a quiet province. In the big mansion of a strict professor. There, the youngest of them, Lucy, finds a huge wardrobe during the games. And in it is the door to the magical land of Narnia. Where the ruthless White Witch reigns, bringing here a long, long winter. But there is a prophecy according to which the four sons of Adam and Eve will mark the coming of change and the fall of the Sorceress. Classic children’s fantasy. Before us are four characters, each of which has its own ideological layer, being responsible for a certain side of the young man’s personality. Peter is the older brother, the personification of care and responsibility. Since the father is at war, it is on him to look after the younger ones. The boy makes mistakes, allows himself harshness in relation to his brother, suffers from doubts about the strength and ability to play the role of dad, worries about the baby. The clear leader of the family. Susan is the next in seniority, an apologist for logic. Moreover, when she acts “logically”, lousy suggestions pour out of her (like drop the sword), and all sorts of other crap, somehow suggestions will return home, leaving the Narnians to deal with everything on their own. The most poorly developed member of the Pevensie family. Edmund is a middle child in every sense. Including others in relation to him. Peter kicks him, tries to “build” him, makes him grow up. Susan bathes in female coldness. Is that Lucy does not require anything from her brother. Selfish, dived into adolescence. Avid for flattery and sweets. Not very smart. Causing direct associations with Kai. The most tragic character No wonder he was nicknamed the Righteous. After all, only a person who has known and carried out betrayal (and more than once) is able to understand and forgive the most lousy human qualities. Also pay attention to the scene with the photo. The boy unconsciously protects his father, risking his life, saves his photo from under the bombs. Quite a magical act. Lucy is the youngest. The sun is completely open to the world. Healing beginning, full of love, mercy, kindness. Opening the door to Narnia, accepting this world from the first minute. Each of the four will go through a lot of personality-forming adventures, grow above himself, show the young reader/viewer what to do in difficult circumstances. Denotes the benefits of good deeds. It will point to the importance of family and loved ones, remind you that for the sake of your own blood, it is sometimes worth sacrificing a lot. read full >> febeerovez Star Trek: Strange New Worlds Season 1 – Light In darkness Article written on September 22, 2022 19:41 Posted: under the heading “Film reviews” in the author’s column febeerovez 9001 1 imra Article written on September 14, 2022 13:43 Posted: in the category “Film reviews” in the author’s column imra Gaining consciousness, or the Robot that reminded people of humanity As a result of a chain of accidents that began with a lightning strike, one of the combat robots of the Nova company – Number Five, ends up in the house of a charming girl Stephanie. To fill in the gaps caused by the short circuit, he absorbs information greedily, grasping the idea of ​​death and becoming more than a killing machine. The company’s management has no intention of leaving its valuable asset, armed with a laser gun, to roam free. Therefore, a real hunt opens up for Number Five. And only Stephanie and the scientist Newton, the creator of artificial intelligence, can help the robot avoid “disassembly”. One of the first films about AI that reached the Soviet Union, and had a stunning effect here. Sweet, positive, optimistic, as if on purpose dives with the “Terminator” released a couple of years ago. Short Circuit claims that not all AIs are “equally pernicious.” It all depends on who will be their creator and who opens the world around them. If the creator of the robot is a good, intelligent person, can’t stand war, is passionate about his work, then as soon as the opportunity arises, the imprint of his personality will appear in the creation. If the first person with whom the AI ​​communicates is a kind, sincere girl who values ​​life, sincerely cares about our smaller brothers, ready to share love, forgive the shortcomings of growing up. Then it would not occur to artificial intelligence to try to exterminate humanity or individual homo sapiens. Watching the right kind of films about brave, noble people (westerns are great) will help you develop an attitude towards life. And get a sense of humor. If we have before us a scientist, even more like a businessman, then sooner or later his nature as a researcher will manifest itself. At least in depriving the villain of the opportunity to harm further. And if a person is a fool or a beast, it cannot be cured. Well, what can you say? read more >> Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … 15 16 17 18 [1 9] 20 21 22 23 … 284 285 286

1836 yr

ENGLAND PAINTING

In English
painting academic school, fundamentals
which were laid down in the XVIII
century
first president of the Royal Academy
art by Joshua Reynolds, maintained
dominance during
throughout the first half of the nineteenth
V. However
the most notable phenomenon in those years
turned out to be a landscape, which in the academic
environment was perceived as secondary,
minor genre. On the one side,
striving for real display
world, assertion of self-worth of simple
rural landscapes, and on the other – nature
like a world of passions and stormy experiences
All of this has found expression in
the work of English artists.
The art of England entered the era
romanticism.

247

Thomas
Lawrence.

Portrait
Lady E. X.
Fitzroy.
Around 1815

Sir
Thomas Lawrence (1769–1830) was the last
eminent English portrait painter
late XVIII
—
first half of XIX
V.
He worked mainly in the genre
front portrait. The artist depicted
representatives of the English
royal house, aristocrats,
writers, actors and fellow artists,
masterfully grasping external features
their heroes and giving them an aristocratic
gloss, In 1820 he headed the Royal
academy of arts.

WILLIAM BLAKE

(1757-1827)

Poet and artist
William Blake stands alone in history
English art. He was
self-taught genius – a great dreamer
and a philosopher. “You are a man, God – no more,
than you, learn to worship your
humanity,” the poet wrote in one of
their books.

Blake was born in
London in the family of a poor merchant
haberdashery goods. In the early
as a child, he began to write poetry, draw
and at the age of fourteen he was already working in
engraving workshop.

In 1779 Blake
started independent
creativity, trying to exhibit in
Royal Academy of Arts. Through
ten years he published a collection of poems
“Songs of Ignorance” (1789). thin
the notebook was assembled from sheets, entirely
engraved by the author. He didn’t have
funds for the printed edition of their
poems, and the master turned to the medieval
printing method: cut out on metal
plate at the same time poetic
text and
illustration.
Blake invented a new technique – convex
engraving on copper, in which the paint
applied not into scratched recesses,
and on convex areas. Thanks to his
invention, the artist achieved plastic,
elastic and refined line drawing,
in tune with the musical rhythm
poems.

On a sheet with
the poem “Joy-Child” is depicted
elegant flower framing the text, in
a woman sits in a calyx with a flower
a child on her knees, to whom she leans
angel. Wonderful and happy world
described in verse, fully
corresponds to light and thin graphic
decor.

In five years
Blake published a collection of poems “Songs
knowledge “(1794) about the terrible world of the slums,
hard life of factory workers and
their children. The illustrations for it represent
a sharp, contrasting image,
in which there is no air and space,
and the world is closed and dark. Such is the small
chimney sweep from the poem of the same name,
unfortunate hostage of a huge
pitiless city.

William Blake.

Joy child.
Illustration for the collection “Songs of Ignorance”.
1789 Engraving.

248

William Blake.
Dream of Jacob. 1800-1805

British
museum, London.

William Blake.

Pity. Near
1795

Tate Gallery,
London.

blake empathetically
responded to social injustice.
He believed that technological progress
will only worsen the condition of the workers, and
fought against the spread
machines in factories. “It’s better to warn
poverty, he said, than to save from
her. Better to avoid misunderstandings
than forgive crimes.

Blake never
worked in oils despite being popular
this technique in the XIX
c., preferring
tempera and watercolor. He painted pictures
to scenes from the Bible (for example, “Dream
James, 1800-1805), from the writings
English poets William Shakespeare and
John Milton, choosing unconventional
for image episodes and images. Painting
“Pity” (about 1795 g.), created by
inspired by Shakespeare’s Macbeth,
– a visual illustration of the words of the play:

And pity, as if
naked

baby,

Drawn by the whirlwind,
or cherub

On the horses
invisible

air…

At the end of Blake’s life
received from his friend the watercolor painter
John Linnel commissioned illustration
to the biblical Book of Job, as well as to
“Divine Comedy” by Dante Alighieri.

Every paragraph
biblical text the artist turned
into a separate graphic
composition. On the sheet “Then the Lord
answered Job from the storm” (1821) in the center
placed

William Blake.

Then Lord
answered Job from the storm. Illustration for
Book of Job. 1821

*Book of Job – part
Old Testament containing stories
about the illnesses and sorrows of the pious
the sufferer Job, who, accepting everything
life’s difficulties and troubles, continued
believe in divine power and justice.

249

William Blake.

Paolo and Francesca
(Whirlwind of lovers). Illustration for
“Divine Comedy” by Dante Alighieri.
Fragment 1824-1827 Engraving.

illustration in
rectangular frame: in the sky
is the figure of God (image
reminiscent of Michelangelo’s Creator God
frescoes on the vault of the Sistine Chapel).
Around are ornamental
motifs with text included in them.

For clearance
“Divine Comedy” Blake made
over 100 watercolor drawings
a few test prints. The artist is not
recognized works from nature, preferring
her endless possibilities of fantasy
and creative imagination. In his
illustrations, everything moves and changes,
people are incorporeal and look like shadows,
space is twisted into a funnel,
rises in a wave and overthrows in a stream,
as, for example, in the engraving “Paolo and
Francesca” (“Whirlwind of lovers”, 1824-1827
gg. ).

Blake died in full
poverty and was buried in a common grave.
The discovery of his work happened
in the middle of XIX
century, and in the XX
century
received general recognition. IN
Westminster Abbey in London
—
tomb
English kings, statesmen
figures and famous people – nearby
with monuments to famous poets of England
A bust of William Blake was erected.

Blake’s style for
European Art XIX
V. unique.
It combines archaic features,
indicating a lack of
special education artist, c
creative imagination, compositional
ingenuity and clear desire
to generalized symbolic images.
“My heart is full of future,” said
he, anticipating that his life will go on
in poetry, drawings and engravings.

JOHN CONSTABLE

(1776-1837)

John Constable
born and raised in the village of East Bergholt,
located in picturesque Dedham
valley in the southeast of England. whole
he spent his days on his own
to his father the mill, which stood on
River Stour, and in his free time he painted.

In 1795 Constable
made the first attempt to become a professional
artist: went to London, worked
in the engraving workshop, but no success
has reached. He returned home and
four years again went to the capital.
Luck smiled on the young man
Constable went to school at
Royal Academy of Arts. IN
1802 was first exhibited at the academy
his work, titled “Landscape”.

Living permanently in
London, Constable came every summer
to his native places and worked a lot from nature.
He was the first painter of the XIX
in., in
whose work the etude is no less important,
than a finished painting in the studio.
The constable painted in oils small
sketches, which showed friends
place for him since childhood.

The artist created
a series of views of the river Stur, repeatedly
depicted a mill standing on it.
Perhaps this is a place fanned
memories of the past seemed

*Paolo and Francesca
characters in Dante Alighieri’s poem
“Divine Comedy”, unfortunate
lovers plunged into a second
circle of Hell, where they are circling the eternal whirlwind,
without letting you connect.

250

John Constable.

Dam and
mill in Dedham. 1820 Victoria Museum
and Alberta, London.

him an incarnation
vitality and truth
life associated with nature. Such
works like “The Mill Stream” (1811
d.), “The Dam and the Mill at Dedham” (1820
d.), Constable appears bold and
independent master. Overlaying
paint in thick convex strokes, he
refused carefully written
details and spectacular lighting, for the first time
used pure green colors of different
shades. “Remember that your best
mentor and first leader
nature, says one of the letters
Constable. “Learn from her.”

In the 20s. artist
continued to write sketches from nature,
processing them then into exhibition
canvases in which he tried to preserve
freshness of natural impressions and
at the same time striving for more
completeness. For one such picture
– “The White Horse” (1819) – Constable
received the title of academician, however,
it happened only ten years later
after the canvas has been created and
exhibited at the academy.

Etude “Cart for
hay” (1821) Constable repeated in the same
year in the big picture: he depicted
already familiar to the viewer mill, past
which the river stream runs, disappearing
in the wilderness. Written

John Constable.
White horse. 1819

Frick Collection,
NY.

251

John Constable.
Hay wagon. 1821 National
gallery, London.

sketch from nature
feeling of freshness and immediacy
perception. It is made freely, paints
laid densely and unevenly, it contains a lot
sky, air, water. It seems that it is possible
hear the sound of the river and the rustle of leaves.
The finished version looks drier,
there is no freedom of the brush, since
the artist strove for an accurate transfer
details and completeness of the composition.

Constable’s works
caught the attention of the French
artist Theodore Géricault, who
traveled to England in the early 1920s. Back
to Paris, he spoke of the shock
which he experienced when he saw the canvases of Constable.
As a result, one French merchant
paintings bought from the master three
work. They were first displayed at
merchant, and then in 1824 in Paris
Salon. French artists and amateurs
the arts were admired by these
landscapes. Constable received a gold
Salon medal.

One of the best
works of the late period of creativity
Constable – “Stockby Neuland” (1836).
Here the master depicted a village according to
neighborhood with his native village, people
a horse harnessed to a cart, and
road leading into the forest. Scale
the characters in the picture are incommensurable with
the scale of nature – with the boundless
cloudy skies and endless countryside
landscape. The picture surprisingly conveys
feeling

John Constable.

Stockby Neuland.

Institute
Arts, Chicago.

252

John
Constable.

Dedham
valley. 1828 Scottish National
gallery, Edinburgh.

Painting
was painted from life without prior
sketch. In this work, the master succeeded
achieve amazing color
harmony. darkened foreground
forces the viewer to delve into
landscape perspective, into space
sun-drenched valley, above
which the clouds run, also pierced
rays of the sun.

summer noon,
when the bright sun reigns in the field, and
the forest thicket beckons with a cool shadow.

John’s work
Constable to XX
century
remained unnoticed at home,
but had a huge impact on the development
French painting. French
masters XIX
V. collected
his canvases, studied them, admired
painting technique and completely shared
worship of the English landscape painter
in front of nature.

WILLIAM TURNER

(1775-1851)

Joseph Mellord
William Turner was born in London. His
father ran a barbershop. In those times
the barbershop was the same place
meetings and conversations, as traditional
English beer. Artists have been here
engravers and poets. Father hung on
son’s watercolor walls for sale.

In 1789 Turner
admitted to school at the Royal
academy of arts. At fifteen
artist in

posted for the first time
at the academy his watercolor. He studied and
worked: mastered modern watercolor
technique that has traditionally been used
so-called topographic
landscapes – small accurate views of estates,
parks, castles and cathedrals; copied to
commissioned works of old masters.

In the 90s. Turner
turned to oil painting.
Imitating the Dutch masters, he
painted the painting “Danish ships under
wind” (1801). This work has shown
increased skill of the artist.
Some even thought that he
copied the old landscape.

In 1802 the artist
was elected a full member
Royal Academy of Arts and
the end of his days honestly served her,
participating in the organization of exhibitions,
lecturing to the general public and
teaching students.

In 1806-1812. Turner
created a series of studies in which he depicted
the banks of the Thames. These include landscape
on the Thames” (“Landscape with a white rainbow”),
painted in watercolor around 1806

253

NATIONAL
GALLERY IN LONDON

Story
National Gallery started with
thirty-eight paintings that are British
the government acquired from the heirs
banker John Julius Angerstein
(immigrant from Russia). From May 10, 1824 they were
exhibited in the home of the deceased
collector. Later the assembly
replenished mainly with gifts from private
persons. So, in 1825-1847. entered the museum
canvases of the Renaissance masters: “Dream
knight” by Raphael, “Bacchus and Ariadne” by Titian
and “Portrait of the Arnolfinis” Jan
van Eyck, as well as the “Bacchanalia” of the French
painter Nicolas Poussin and The Bather
Dutch painter Rembrandt.

In 1838
the collection is housed in a new
building in Trafalgar Square,
which was built according to the project
architect William Wilkins (1778-1839).
Her fate was of keen interest to the English
society. In particular, restoration
works carried out in the gallery in
40-50s XIX
V.,
disturbed the Londoners, who were afraid
damage to pictures. Parliament appointed
special commission, which justified
actions of restorers, but noted
that the state does not help enough
National Gallery.

After
this museums began to periodically receive
significant funds from the government
to complete the collection. Thanks to
them in the 50-80s. works were bought
painting of the Italian Renaissance:
part of the composition “Battle of San Romano”
Paolo Uccello, The Baptism of Christ and
“Christmas” by Piero della Francesca,
“Adoration of the Magi” and “Venus and
Mars by Sandro Botticelli, variant
Madonnas in the Grotto by Leonardo da Vinci
“Madonna Ansidei” by Raphael and others. In
1871 for the gallery acquired the richest
collection of Flemish and Dutch
painting owned by the British
Prime Minister Robert Peel.

In 1903
in Great Britain the National
art fund, with the support
which for the London meeting
was acquired, in particular, “Venus
in front of a mirror” by a Spanish painter
Diego Velasquez. Then to the gallery
received several collections
wills of their owners: in 1910 – one hundred
ninety-two paintings, including
“Our Lady” by the Dutch master
Robert Campin, in 1915 – French
painting

XIX
V.,
in 1916 – works of Italian
Artists XV
V.

Meeting
the National Gallery was formed
in XIX
—
early
20th century
when all the glorified pictures,
seemed to take their places in
major
museums in Europe. However, the collection was created
connoisseurs of art history, therefore
here you can see first-class
canvases. Gallery visitor receives
a complete picture of the painting
or another era. The brightest and
successively shown as
Italian art developed
Netherlands. The gallery has
recognized masterpieces of the English school:
Shrimp Girl by William
Hogarth, “Portrait of Admiral Heathfield”
by Joshua Reynolds, Portrait of a Married
Andrews” by Thomas Gainsborough.

Now
the National Gallery has
about six and a half thousand
works of Western European
painting. In the main halls you can see
only the very best of them. Paintings
placed not in national schools, but
in chronological order – by time
creation. The exhibition is divided into four
section. In the so-called wing
Sansbury exhibited paintings painted
between 1260 and 1510; in the west wing
painting 1510-1600 north wing
occupy the works of 1600-1700,
eastern – work 1700-1920 years For the best
perception canvases hung in one
row. Less significant exhibits
stored in storage on the ground floor,
where visitors are also allowed.

watercolor technique
Turner’s painting became more and more difficult
and more virtuoso. Here’s how, according to the story
eyewitnesses, watercolor was created
“First class frigate replenishing
reserves” (1818). The son of the artist’s friends
asked Turner, who was visiting them,
draw a frigate The artist took a sheet
poured liquid paint on paper until
she did not get wet, and then began to scrape,
wipe the paper like crazy, and that’s it
seemed like chaos, but gradually, as it were
by magic, a ship began to be born
with all its lovely details,
and

by the time of the second
breakfast figure triumphantly
presented. ..” Turner had to
deal with graphics. In 1807-1819. He
attempted to create an encyclopedia
landscape engravings. He gave her a Latin
name “Liber
Studiorum” (“Book
sketches”) and assumed on a hundred sheets,
made in various techniques
engravings, show the development of the landscape
in European painting. The idea failed
but in this job, Turner raised a whole
group of excellent engravers.

254

William
Turner. Shipwreck. 1805 Gallery
Tate, London.

IN
the mind of the artist is nature, his constant
and the main character, increasingly appeared
not only a majestic spectacle, but also a background
historical events. In style
Dutch marina Turner portrayed
modern plot – the death of a passenger
ship. Two-thirds of the picture is
image of a stormy sea. Openwork
whitish foam forms on it
the surface of a huge oval –
compositional core of the picture. In the center
his is a boat full of people.
And this is the only subject in the composition,
maintaining balance. Right on
the crest of the shaft soars the sailboat,
finally lost its stability.
To the left and in the depths of the picture – perishing
ships that are out of control. Their masts
broken, sails torn off, decks flooded
water.

William
Turner. Blizzard. Hannibal’s crossing
through the Alps. 1812 Tate Gallery, London.

Turner
painted this picture in the year of the invasion
Napoleon in Russia. It is known that
Napoleon compared to Hannibal
– General of Carthage
rival city-state
with Ancient Rome for dominion over
Mediterranean. In composition
used favorite Turner
reception: the most dramatic part
the picture is inscribed in an oval. Blizzard, flakes
snow rolls into a huge funnel,
pulling into the crevice of the mountains confused
warriors. Blizzard written amazingly
exactly. Once Turner was watching a snowstorm
on the estate of his friend. He sketched
sudden storm on
postal envelope and promised that
in two years everyone will see this blizzard on
“Hannibal’s Crossing the Alps” painting.

255

William Turner.

London fire
Parliament. 1835 Museum of Art,
Philadelphia.

On
for several centuries
the slave trade was one of the articles
income of the English state. At
Turner’s life Parliament passed a law
banning human trafficking
goods, but a terrible stain on the conscience
British nation for a long time
disturbed the imagination of artists,
writers and poets. At the heart of this painting
is a real event. Captain
transporting slaves, ordered
throw overboard all the sick
cholera, since by law he could get
insurance only for people who died
in the sea. Freed from excess
live cargo, the ship is sailing away from the storm, and
the slaves abandoned by him perish in the waves,
tormented by predatory fish, water
stained with blood.